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Biology Jamb Syllabus ,

A: VARIETY OF ORGANISMS

Toics/Contents

Living organisms:
Characteristics

b. Cell structure and functions of cell Components

c. Level of organization

i. Cell e.g. euglena and paramecium,

ii. Tissue, e.g. epithelial tissues and hydra

iii. Organ, e.g. onion bulb

iv. Systems, e.g. reproductive, digestive and excretory

v. Organisms e.g. Chlamydomonas

2. Evolution among the following:

Monera (prokaryotes), e.g. bacteria and

blue green algae.

b. Protista (protozoans and protophyta),

e.g. Amoeba, Euglena and Paramecium

c. Fungi, e.g. mushroom and Rhizopus.

d. Plantae (plants)

i. Thallophyta (e.g. Spirogyra)

ii. Bryophyta (mosses and liveworts) e.g.

Brachmenium and Merchantia.

iii. Pteridophyta (ferns) e.g. Dryopteris.

iv. Spermatophyta (Gymnospermae and Angiospermae)

– Gymnosperms e.g. Cycads and conifers.

– Angiosperms (monocots, e.g. maize; dicots, e.g. water leaf)

e. Animalia (animals)

i. Invertebrates

– coelenterate (e.g. Hydra)

– Platyhelminthes (flatworms) e.g. Taenia

– Nematoda (roundworms)

– Annelida (e.g. earthworm)

– Arthropoda e.g. mosquito, cockroach, housefly, bee, butterfly

– Mollusca (e.g. snails)

ii. Multicellular animals (vertebrates)

– pisces (cartilaginous and bony fish)

– Amphibia (e.g. toads and frogs)

– Reptilia (e.g. lizards, snakes and turtles)

– Aves (birds)

– Mammalia (mammals)

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3.a Structural/functional and behavioural adaptations of organisms.

adaptive colouration and its functions

c. Behavioural adaptations in social animals

d. Structural adaptations in organisms.

B: FORM AND FUNCTIONS
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES

1. Internal structure of a flowering plant

Root

ii. Stem

iii. Leaf

b. Internal structure of a mammal

2. Nutrition

Modes of nutrition

i. Autotrophic

ii. Heterotrophic

b. Types of Nutrition

c. Plant nutrition

i. Photosynthesis

ii. Mineral requirements

(macro and micro-nutrients)

d. Animal nutrition

i. Classes of food substances; carbohydrates, proteins, fats and oils, vitamins, mineral salts and water

ii. Food tests (e.g. starch, reducing sugar, protein, oil, fat etc.

iii. The mammalian tooth (structures, types and functions

iv. Mammalian alimentary canal

v. Nutrition process (ingestion, digestion, absorption,

and assimilation of digested food.

3. Transport

Need for transportation

b. Materials for transportation.

Excretory products, gases, manufactured food, digested food, nutrient, water and hormones)

c. Channels for transportation

i. Mammalian circulatory system (heart, arteries,

veins, and capillaries)

ii Plant vascular system (phloem and xylem)

d. Media and processes of mechanism for transportation.

4. Respiration in

Respiratory organs and surfaces

b. The mechanism of gaseous exchange in:

i. Plants

ii. Mammals

c. Aerobic respiration

d. Anaerobic respiration

5. Excretion

Types of excretory structures:

contractile vacuole, flamecell,

nephridium, Malpighian tubule, kidney,

stoma and lenticel.

b. Excretory mechanisms:

i. Kidneys

ii. lungs

ii. skin

c. Excretory products of plants

6. Support and movement

Tropic, tactic, nastic and sleep

movements in plants

b. supporting tissues in animals

c. Types and functions of the skeleton

i. Exoskeleton

ii. Endoskeleton

iii. Functions of the skeleton in animals

7. Reproduction

A sexual reproduction

i. Fission as in Paramecium

ii. Budding as in yeast

iii. Natural vegetative propagation

iv. Artificial vegetative propagation.

b. sexual reproduction in flowering plants

i. Floral parts and their functions

ii. Pollination and fertilization

iii. products of sexual reproduction

c. Reproduction in mammals

i. structures and functions of the male and female reproductive organs

ii. Fertilization and development.

(Fusion of gamates)

8. Growth

meaning of growth

b. Germination of seeds and condition

necessary for germination of seeds.

9. Co-ordination and control

Nervous coordination:

i. the components, structure and functions

of the central nervous system;

ii. The components and functions of the

peripheral nervous systems;

iii. Mechanism of transmission of impulses;

iv. Reflex action

b. The sense organs

i. skin (tactile)

ii. nose (olfactory)

iii. tongue (taste)

iv. eye (sight)

v. ear (auditory)

c. Hormonal control

i. animal hormonal system

– Pituitary

– thyroid

– parathyroid

– adrenal gland

– pancreas

– gonads

ii. Plant hormones (phytohormones)

d. Homeostasis

i. Body temperature regulation

ii. Salt and water regulation

ECOLOGY
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES

1. Factors affecting the distribution of Organisms

Abiotic

ii. Biotic

2. Symbiotic interactions of plants and animals

(a) Energy flow in the ecosystem: food chains, food webs and trophic levels

(b) Nutrient cycling in nature

i. carbon cycle

ii. water cycle

iii. Nitrogen cycle

3. Natural Habitats

(a) Aquatic (e.g. ponds, streams, lakes

seashores and mangrove swamps)

(b) Terrestrial/arboreal (e.g. tree-tops of oil palm, abandoned farmland or a dry grassy (savanna) field, and burrow or hole.

4. Local (Nigerian Biomes)

Tropical rainforest

b. Guinea savanna (southern and northern)

c. Sudan Savanna

d. Desert

e. Highlands of montane forests and grasslands of the Obudu, Jos, Mambilla Plateau.

5. The Ecology of Populations:

(a) Population density and overcrowding.

(b) Adaptation for survival

i. Factors that bring about competition

ii. Intra and inter-specific competition

iii. Relationship between competition and succession.

(c) Factors affecting population sizes:

Biotic (e.g. food, pest, disease, predation, competition, reproductive ability).

ii. Abiotic (e.g. temperature, space, light, rainfall, topography, pressure, pH, etc.

(d) Ecological succession

i. primary succession

ii. secondary succession

6. SOIL

a) (i) characteristics of different types

of soil (sandy, loamy, clayey)

soil structure

ii. porosity, capillarity and humus

content

iii. Components of the soil

i. inorganic

ii. organic

iii. soil organisms

iv. Soil air

v. Soil water

Soil fertility:

i. loss of soil fertility

ii. Renewal and maintenance of soil fertility

7. Humans and Environment

(a) Diseases:

(i) Common and endemic diseases.

ii. Easily transmissible diseases and disease syndrome such as:

– poliomyelitis

– cholera

– tuberculosis

– sexually transmitted disease/syndrome (gonorrhea, syphilis, AIDS, etc.

b. Pollution and its control

(i) sources, types, effects and methods of control.

(ii) Sanitation and sewage

(c) Conservation of Natural Resources

(d) Game reserves and National parks

D: HEREDITY AND VARIATIONS
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES

(I) Variation In Population

Morphological variations in the physical appearance of individuals.

(i) size (height, weight)

(ii) Colour (skin, eye, hair, coat of animals, scales and feathers.

(iii) Fingerprints

b. Physiological variation

(i) Ability to roll tongue

(ii) Ability to taste

phenylthiocarbamide (PTC)

(iii) Blood groups

c. Application of discontinuous

variation in crime detection,

blood transfusion and

determination of paternity.

2. Heredity

a) Inheritance of characters in organisms;

i) Heritable and non-heritable characters.

b) Chromosomes – the basis of heredity;

(i) Structure

(ii) Process of transmission of hereditary characters from parents to offspring.

c) Probability in genetics and sex determination.

a) Application of the principles of heredity in:

i) Agriculture

(ii) Medicine

Sex – linked characters e.g. baldness, haemophilia, colour blindness, etc.

E: EVOLUTION
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES

1. Theories of evolution

a) Lamarck’s theory

b) Darwin’s theory

c) organic theory

2. Evidence of evolution

RECOMMENDED TEXTS

Ndu, F.O. C. Ndu, Abun A. and Aina J.O. (2001) Senior Secondary School Biology:

Books 1 -3, Lagos: Longman

Odunfa, S.A. (2001) Essential of Biology, Ibadan: Heinemann

Ogunniyi M.B. Adebisi A.A. and Okojie J.A. (2000) Biology for Senior Secondary Schools: Books 1 – 3, Macmillan

Ramalingam, S.T. (2005) Modern Biology, SS Science Series. New Edition, AFP

Stan. (2004) Biology for Senior Secondary Schools. Revised Edition, Ibadan: Heinemann

Stone R.H. and Cozens, A.B.C. (1982) Biology for West African Schools. Longman

Usua, E.J. (1997) Handbook of practical Biology 2nd Edition, University Press, Limited

BIOLOGY RECOMMENDED Text for 2025/2026

Ambuna, A. Egunyomi, A. and Osakwe, J. (1990). Comprehensive Certificate Biology for Senior Secondary Schools: University Press Limited

Egunyomi A. Bob – Manuel, Abdullahi B.A. and Oyetola O.A. (1988). Exam Focus: Biology For WASSCE and JME 2nd Edition, University Press Limited

MacQueen J. and Murray J. (1978). Success in Biology, Benin: John Murray

Ndu, F.O. C. Ndu, Abun A. and Aina J.O. (2001). Senior Secondary School Biology: Books 1 -3, Lagos: Longman

Odunfa, S.A. (2001). Essentials of Biology, Ibadan: Heinemann

Oguniyi, M.B. Adebisi A.A. and Okojie J.A. (2000). Biology for Senior Secondary Schools: Books – 3, Macmillan

Ramalingam, S.T. (2005). Modern Biology, SS Science Series. New Edition, AFP

Roberts, A.B.U. (1993). Functional Approach in Biology

Sorojini, T.L. Sheila, P and Charles, T.P. (2000). Modern Biology for Secondary Schools. Revised Edition, FEP

STAN. (2004). Biology for Senior Secondary Schools. Revised Edition, Ibadan: Heinemann

Stone, R.H. and Cozens, A.B.C. (1982). Biology for West African Schools. Longman

Usua, E.J. (1997). Handbook of practical Biology 2nd Edition, University Press, Limited